Ñòèìóëèðîâàíèå
ïîçíàâàòåëüíîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè ó÷àùèõñÿ ïóòåì èíòåãðàöèè êðàåâåä÷åñêîãî ìàòåðèàëà
â ó÷åáíóþ ïðîãðàììó ïî àíãëèéñêîìó ÿçûêó.
Àâòîð: Èâàíîâà Òàòüÿíà Àäîëüôîâíà,
ó÷èòåëü âûñøåé êàòåãîðèè ÌÎÓ «Ëèöåé ¹1»
Ñåãîäíÿ ó÷èòåëþ ïðåäëàãàåòñÿ
ìíîæåñòâî ó÷åáíèêîâ êàê ðîññèéñêîãî, òàê è áðèòàíñêîãî èçäàòåëüñòâ ñ
èíòåðåñíûìè òåìàìè è òåêñòàìè, ìàòåðèàëàìè ïî êóëüòóðå àíãëîãîâîðÿùèõ ñòðàí, ñ
ìàòåðèàëàìè î Ðîññèè, ðîññèÿíàõ, íàøåé ïîâñåäíåâíîé æèçíè. Â íàøè øêîëû
ïðèåçæàþò íîñèòåëè èíîñòðàííîãî ÿçûêà è
âîçíèêàåò ïîòðåáíîñòü îáùåíèÿ, ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ æåëàíèå ïîäåëèòüñÿ èíôîðìàöèåé î
êóëüòóðå ðîäíîãî êðàÿ. Ýòî èìååò îïðåäåëåííûé èíòåðåñ êàê äëÿ íàøèõ ãîñòåé, òàê
è äëÿ ó÷àùèõñÿ, ïðåäñòàâëÿþùèõ ðîäíîé ãîðîä è ðåñïóáëèêó – ×óâàøèþ.
Íàäåþñü, ÷òî ìàòåðèàëû,
ðàçðàáîòàííûå ìíîþ â ñîòðóäíè÷åñòâå ñ äåòüìè, íàéäóò ïðèìåíåíèå íà óðîêàõ è âî
âíåóðî÷íîé äåÿòåëüíîñòè, à ïîëó÷åííûå çíàíèÿ
îáëåã÷àò îáùåíèå è ñäåëàþò åãî óâëåêàòåëüíûì.
COMPLETE
THE STORY ( TEACHER’S SHEET )
Read out the following story, leaving gaps for
the students to fill in.
Being situated
in the European part of
Winter (3…lasts…) for 5 months. The average January
temperature is about – 12 -14 below
zero, temperature may fall as low as – 42 –43 below zero and snow and freezing
weather lasts for a long time. In the mid October the snow (4…falls…) but soon
(5…melts…) away. Snow totaling 30-
Since the first days of March the weather (7…becomes…)
milder due to frequent thaws. The earliest navigation is on April 4 and the
latest on May 13. Spring sets in. Flowers (8…appear…) in every colour to allure
their friends: bees, butterflies and flies. The weather is favourable, but
sometimes in the first half of May, the temperature falls below zero and late
frosts are bad for fruit- trees.
In spring and summer, thunderstorms are frequent. Summer
(9… is characterized…) by the most equable temperature of all the seasons of
the year. June, July and August are warm, sometimes hot. The weather is fair:
the raze clouds (10…are swimming…) through the clear sky, but sometimes it
(11…is raining…) heavily, even storming.
Autumn begins at the end of September by rains,
sometimes it (12…is followed…) with
periods of nice, settled weather, the most beautiful time in Chuvashia when the
hills and glens are rich in the colours of the dying nature.
In conclusion, we may say that the climate of
Chuvashia is on the whole favourable for health: wet in winter- time, nor
especially dry in summer.
In
this activity, the teacher reads out a story with gaps, which the students,
working in pairs or groups, try to fill in. All the missing words are verbs.
Grammar
points: Present and Past Simple of regular and
irregular verbs are missing. Tell the students that the verbs are the ones on
their handout.
Method: Divide the class into pairs or groups of three. Give each pair/ group
a copy of the handout. Explain that you are going to read out a story in
which Read out the story, pausing
after each gap to allow the students to write in their answers. Check orally.
These are the missing verbs from the story.
APPEAR
ARE
ARE
FROZEN OVER
IS CHARACTERIZED
LASTS
MELTS
IS
FOLLOWED BECOMES
FALLS
IS RAINING
GAPS:
1.
7.
2.
8.
3.
9.
4.
10.
5.
11.
6. 12.
1. The typical weather conditions in a particular area.
3. Temperature and other conditions such as
sun, rain, and wind.
4. Water that has frozen into a solid state.
5. The loud noise that you hear during a storm,
usually after a flash of lightning.
6. Water frozen into soft white flakes that fall from the sky in cold weather and cover the ground.
Do you have any idea about
II. Read the following text
Anyone
who comes to Chuvashia certainly intends to try
Some
of national dishes prove really delicious: shirtan is sure of its place of
honour on any festive dinner table. The sheep's stomach is used for this dish.
It is filled with slices of raw meat in considerable amount of lard. The
stomach is sewn and baked on a stoven on the frying- pan for three days or so.
When being ready it is sliced and served as a festive meal, which gives heat
and energy.
Another
is a tultarmash- a traditional blood- and – porridge sausage. It is cleaned- up
intestines stuffed with chopped- up slices of nice meat and porridge of barley,
millet or spelt, obvious ingredients for making this kind of sausage. After
being cooked in a pot they were slightly fried, while the animal’s fresh blood
mixed with pieces of pig fat baked and served hot. Shirtan, tultarmash and some
others were national meals of nomadic tribes, common to Bulgars and Suvars,
another proof that Chuvashes had Bulgars and Suvars for their ancestors.
Of the pies, the best is khuplu, which has grown in
popularity. It is a many- layered big pie in which the lower layer is chopped-
up potatoes or porridge with thickly- put small pieces of half- cooked meat and
slices of bacon above it. Khuplu is baked in a stove and served on a frying-
pan. The eldest of those present cut the upper crust according to the number of
people sitting at the table and gave each a piece. Then they all began to eat
by filling by spoons biting off the upper crust. Afterwards they ate the lower
crust soaked in fat, which was also cut into pieces and treated it to guests.
This kind of pie is considered one of the oldest because other peoples were
unaware of it, and in all probability, Chuvashes borrowed it from their Turkic
ancestors. If you try these meals you will certainly join their fanciers over
Chuvashia.
We
suggest you begin with such favourite as salma - a soup with pieces of paste or
a mushroom soup (the latter has been used as food since earliest times in
Chuvashia Nowadays mushrooms are cooked in many ways. Some are salted, some are
canned and others dried for future use. They are also cooked in butter,
slightly thickened with flower, cream added if desired.
If
friends come round to spend an evening for a tasty meal Chuvashes serve chakat,
a nice kind of cheese (formerly made from goats’ milk ), which is always
appetizing. But it makes a delicious meal when fried with hard eggs and
shirtan.
III.
While- reading tasks
1.
For shirtan … is used.
a) sheep stomach b) goat stomach c) cow stomach
2.
Tultarmash is …
a) meat b) soup c) sausage
3.
Khuplu is …
a) baked b) sewn c) chopped
IV. Post
– reading tasks
Play
quiz- games with your companion
1.
Name as many Chuvash dishes as you can in a minute.
2.
Guess the dish:
a)
a many- layered big pie
b)
a nice kind of cheese
formerly made from goats’ milk
c)
a soup with pieces of paste
d)
a traditional blood- and-
porridge sausage
3.
Match the following sentences and the boxes in the table:
a)
Some of national dishes
prove delicious.
b)
The sheep’s stomach is used
for shirtan.
c)
This festive dish gives heat
and energy.
d)
Shirtan and Tultarmash were
national meals of nomadic tribes.
e)
Chuvashes had Bulgars and
Suvars for their ancestors.
f)
Khuplu has grown in
popularity.
g)
Chakat makes a delicious
meal.
h)
It is always appetizing.
i)
Salma is a soup with pieces
of paste.
j)
Nowadays mushrooms are
cooked in many ways.
4.
Which Chuvash dish would you recommend your British or American pen- friend to try?
In
this activity, the students try to find out the missing information about the
life of a well known person from the past.
Grammar
points: WH- questions; Past Simple
Method
: Divide the class into pairs- A and B. Give each
student a copy of the appropriate handout. They sit facing each other, making
sure that their handout is hidden from their partner. Explain what is to be
done and allow time for preparation. Everyone then starts at the same time. Set
a definite time limit and stop the students at the end of it, whether they have
finished or not. They now compare handouts to see how well they have done.
Before you
start, work out which questions to ask, e.g.
What
was Egorov?
Work with
a partner. Ask and answer questions to find the missing information in the
following short biography of V. G. Egorov.
WHO
WAS EGOROV?
V. G.
Egorov was one of the eldest Chuvash -------. He did a lot in the study of the
Chuvash literary language. He graduated from three Higher educational
Establishments: a seminary, a University and -----. Before he entered the
University, V. G. Egorov had known Tatar, Latin. He mastered French and German
in the ----- while Arabian he managed to study in -----.
The
linguist made investigations on the vocabulary of the Chuvash language. Next
followed the articles about the first published grammar of the Chuvash
language. Alongside of this V. G. Egorov compiles Chuvash- Russian and -----
dictionaries, which were of great importance in the study of the Russian
language by Chuvashes. Above 60
years of his life were devoted to the cause of public education.
During ----- years V. G. Egorov took an active part in
making up school programmes, text- books and other materials for secondary
schools and Higher educational
establishments.
Chuvash people have every reason to be proud of such a
son.
V. G.
Egorov was one of the eldest Chuvash scientist- philologists. He did a lot in the study of the Chuvash literary language. He graduated from
three Higher
educational
Establishments: a seminary, a University and an Archeological Institute. Before
he entered the University V. G. Egorov had known -----. He mastered French and German in the Academy,
while ----- he managed to study in Syria.
The linguist made investigations on the vocabulary of
the Chuvash language. Next followed the articles about -----. Alongside of this V. G. Egorov compiles
Chuvash- Russian and Russian- Chuvash dictionaries, which were of great
importance in the study of the Russian language by Chuvashes.
----- years of his life were devoted
to the cause of public education. During 30 years V. G. Egorov took an active
part in -----.
Chuvash people have every reason to be proud of such a
son.
Chuvash tales are poetic and beautiful. The Milky Way is here called the
Hargaic Sule. The old tale tells us how it came to be.
Once swans were flying from the North. They
were in a hurry as winter was approaching. An experienced swan was leading
them. He remembered the whole way: all the lakes, forests and rivers very well.
They were flying day and night. Everything was in order, but once the leader
heard some noise behind. He realized that something was wrong, that one of the
flocks was wounded. However, he had to leave the poor swan behind. If the
winter came, they would all die. The wounded bird was falling down and down.
Her friends could not help her. They only left some feathers for her to come
for them if she recovered. Since then these feathers shine like stars, forming
a way called “ The Milky Way” or the Hargaic Sule in Chuvash. It points to the
South and old people say that the swans always follow this Milky Way.
1. What is this tale about?
2. Why were the swans in a hurry?
3. Who conducted them?
4. What was wrong with one of them?
5. Did the swans help the wounded bird and if not why?
6. What did they do?
7. What do old people say?
The computer expresses human feelings. Correct the
mistakes if there are any.
1.
Chuvash tales are poetic. –
Are they?
2.
The Milky Way is called
Hargaic Sule. – Does it?
3.
Once swans were flying from
the North. Did they?
4.
An experienced swan
remembered the whole way very well. – Did he?
5.
He realized that something
was wrong. – Was he?
6.
He had to leave the poor
swan behind. – Had he?
7.
The bird’s friends could not
help her. – Could they?
8.
Since than these feathers
shine like stars. – Do they?
9.
It points to the South. – Is
it?
10.The
swans always follow this Milky Way. – Are they?
Konstantin Vassilyevich Ivanov, a great
Chuvash poet, was born on May 15 (27),
The beginning of K. Ivanov’s literature
activity coincides with the years of reaction following the 1905 Revolution.
That was the time when only a few writers especially of the “Inorodtsy”, dared
to raise their voice in defense of human rights. K. Ivanov was one of them. He
produced his first works of Chuvash national literature and sketches for drama.
Their characteristic feature was a realistic representation of life. Ivanov
collected numerous Chuvash poetic tales and songs, wrote a large number of
poems and verses: “The daughters” (1907), “The widow” (1907), “The hungry’
(1907), the wonderful poem “Narspy” (1908) and many others.
In his work, he was greatly
supported by I. Ya. Yakovlev who did a lot to spread education among the
Chuvash people.
1909 was the year when Ivanov
K. V. obtained a teacher’s diploma but he couldn’t find any work and returned
to his native village.
In 1910 he was appointed at
last to the post of teacher in drawing at the Simbirsk School. The poet was
full of ideas, but being unable to publish his works under the tsarist regime
he creates his lyrical “Children Verses”, “Seasons of the Year “,”Cow”, “A High
Hill” and others.
K. Ivanov was in a poor health, he left for
his village where he died of consumption in March 1915.
Beyond doubt that Ivanov’s premature
death deprived Chuvash drama of a number of valuable works, which would have
been written by the poet, had he lived longer. But even the work he did in the
field of literature during his short life is more than sufficient to accord him
an honorable place among Chuvash writers and poets. There is no poetry in the
Chuvash language so simple in the choice of subjects, so natural in expression,
so touching in sentiment, as the poetry of K. V. Ivanov, the son of the Chuvash
people. Moreover, K. V. Ivanov was a selfless patriot of his people who had
great faith in his countrymen, in their talent and powers.
Answer the
following questions:
What was
K. Ivanov famous for?
Why is
his name dear to the common people?
What well- known Chuvash and Tatar writers and poets were
Ivanov’s contemporaries?
Tell us what you know about them.
What can
you say about the fate of K. V. Ivanov?
Find out:
-
What is known of his life
-
When he was born (give his birth and death dates)
-
What class of society he was born in. What family he
came from
-
Describe the location of his home- place
-
Where he got an education
-
By whom the Simbirsk Teachers’ Training School was
founded
-
Why K. V. Ivanov was expelled from the school
-
When and why he was given a job at this school
-
At what age he died
-
Where he was buried
Among his works of particular interest is his
poem “Narspy” with a dramatic plot taken from real life. Written in verse and
devided into 14 cantos it is considered K. Ivanov’s masterpiece. The author
dwells on the position of Chuvash women, savage customs and ignorance, ideas
highly progressive for his time, thus creating a broad critical picture of
pre-Revolutionary life in Chuvashia.
The scene is laid in the Chuvash
village of Silbi. The main characters of the poem are Narspy and Setner.
Setner, a poor lad falls in love with Narspy, a girl from a well- to- do
Chuvash peasant family. The young girl returns his feelings; love scenes are
interwoven with beautiful descriptions of Chuvash nature. But the girls’
parents broke the idyll. Narspy’s father , as the master of his house, makes
active preparations for his daughter’s marriage to Tachtaman, an old rich man
from Khuzhalga, a nearby village. Narspy, an ordinary Chuvash girl, realizes
that happiness and love are above all the riches in the world and can’t be
bought for money. Plunged into sorrow, she says she would rather kill herself
than be married to the hateful Tachtaman. Ready to fight for her happiness the
girl flees with her beloved on the eve of the wedding to hide in the thick of
the forest, but they are soon found and brought to the village by force. All
this makes things harder for the young people. The whole village becomes
involved in the affair, taking sides in the dispute and watching the progress
of the two people.
Narspy is forced to marry old Tachtaman, a cruel and unfeeling man, who
on finding everything out often beats and humiliates Narspy. Three weeks go by
and Narspy’s patience gives way to the thought of revenge: she puts poison into
Tachtaman’s food and escapes into the wood. At the same time, Setner comes to
Khushalga to do away with the man who robbed him of his happiness to hear the
bad news. He seeks for Narspy high and low and at last finds her in the forest.
It comes as a crushing blow to
Narspy when she learns that Tachtaman’s gang who bear a grudge against her
treacherously kill her parents and Setner who rushed to the people’s rescue.
Upon discovering this, Narspy is beside herself with grief. Being deprived of
her last consolation, she commits suicide, which brings the poem to a close.
It is true that the theme of young
people in love is not new but the poem “Narspy” due to its telling social
element is much more than a mare story with an unhappy ending.
K. Ivanov feels sympathy for the
oppressed and protects against the humiliating position of Chuvash women who
were victims of the unlimited powers of father and husband. The poet
understands that the struggle against old traditions is a most difficult task
and it is doomed to failure unless it becomes a mass struggle. Narspy’s
character, that of a woman capable of true love and worthy of happiness and her
tragic fate arouses in the Chuvash people a passionate desire for freedom and
independence. It is no wonder that Narspy is thought to be the embodiment of
the best qualities in human nature.
K. Ivanov is first and foremost a lyric poet,
whose poems arouse deep and strong feelings. His language is perfect. His
descriptions of nature in the poem are closely connected with man’s activity.
He excels in conveying moods of nature, not only the beauty of a given scene
but the way it makes us feel. The poet enriches the form of the crying song,
typical of Chuvash folklore. On the whole though threaded with tragedy, there
is in the poem a spirit of optimism when
Ivanov glorifies love that ennobles Man’s soul.
The poem “Narspy” which calls for a
free and happy life has been widely read in Chuvashia. The olay of the same
name, one of the best on the Chuvash stage, has always been a success and stirs the hearts of the
audience.
Here are some answers to questions
based on the text. They are not in any particular order. Write down suitable
questions, which would give these answers.
1.
_______________________________________________?
It is perfect.
2.
_______________________________________________?
Yes, she is. She is forced to marry.
3.
____________________________
__________________ ?
He is a poor lad.
4.
_______________________________________________?
It is taken from real life.
5.
_______________________________________________?
NO, it is not. “Narspy” is written in verse.
6.
__________________________________
_____________?
Silbi.
7.
________________________________________________?
A cruel and unfeeling man.
8.
________________________________________________?
Tachtaman does.
9.
________________________________________________?
IT is Narspy who commits suicide.
10.
________________________________________________?
The embodiment of the best qualities of human nature.
11.
________________________________________________?
Three weeks.
12.
________________________________________________?
To do away with the man who robbed
Setner of his happiness.
On
the eve of the wedding.
15.
_________________________________________________________?
An ordinary Chuvash girl.
How
do you understand K. Ivanov’s words used by him as an epigraph to the poem
“Narspy” “There is nobody in the world stronger than Man. He is the Master of
water and dry land”?
Why
do you suppose the poem “Narspy” is still read? How do you account for its
popularity?
What
is there about the story of Narspy that inspires so many poets?
Has
“Narspy” been staged in Chuvashia?
When
was it staged for the first tome?Was it a success?
Tell
us why it is that “Narspy’ is still successfully staged. Mention in what
respect it is old- fashioned. In what ways is it modern?
Who
is the composer of the opera “Narspy”? Have you had a chance to hear it? What
is your impression of the performance?
Who
is the sculptor of the monument to K. Ivanov erected near the theatre? What do
you know about him?
What
is the poet’s contribution to the national culture of the Chuvash people?
In
what ways can K. Ivanov be regarded as an innovator?
We
naturally wonder what Ivanov would think of the present world? Have any of
these ideas been realized? Enlarge on the matter.
Imagine
an excursion to the Museum of Local Lore in Cheboksary.
Speak on K.
Ivanov, the Chuvash poet and his work “Narspy”. (One student should act as a
guide, the rest as tourists.)